According to the International Organization for Migration, over 4 million people have returned to their places of origin in Iraq since the crisis erupted in January 2014, and the number of returnees continues to surpass 100,000 a month. At the same time, more than 1.8 million people remain displaced across Iraq, often in camps or informal settlements that lack basic facilities, including healthcare, and water and sanitation. Places of return, meanwhile, are often characterised by residual insecurity, damage to property and public infrastructure, limited access to services and livelihoods, and fractured social relations.